Monologue and Attitude Revealed through Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’ Essay Example for Free

Monologue and Attitude Revealed through Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’ Essay The 16th century poem My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is a monologue of a Duke showing an audience the painting of his late wife. Browning, in this poem, as in many of his poems, uses monologue to reflect on the concepts and notions of his time.   This particular monologue reflects on the perception of women in the 16th century, and in particular, aristocratic women. In this particular monologue, like many of Browning’s monologues, we get not only a feeling for the Duke’s character, but also a feeling about the expectations of a particular class and a particular gender—basically, a women must be obedient to her husband, and any independence is frowned upon. Browning typically used monologue in many of his poems to use this affect—basically, he creates a character to reflect on his own feelings of society, but by using the character, he is able to somewhat mask, or hide behind, that character’s observations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this monologue, we see the Duke as a particularly jealous man. His suspicion would be easily aroused every time his wife thanked someone, especially if it was another man, for a small favor done to her. The Duke thinks that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-years-old-name (line 33)† was the most valuable gift his wife received from her and thus, she should have not just given away her smile and blush for anyone but him. He saw this attitude as a kind of stooping down on her part and in turn, an insult on him and his position in society.   Ã‚  The monologue thus reveals a lot about the main character that is speaking, and in this poem, it is the Duke: The style and structure of this poem play a significant role in the effect of the poem.   As is typical of Brownings poems, My Last Duchess is written as a dramatic monologue: one speaker relates the entire poem as if to another person present with him.   This format suits this poem particularly well because the speaker, taken to be the Duke of Ferrara, comes across as being very controlling, especially in conversation (My Last Duchess Analysis). When he got tired of these exchanges of smiles between his wife and other people, he â€Å"gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together (Browning, lines 45-46).† This ambiguous statement gives the reader a clue as to how the Duchess became an ex-wife. It is not specific, however, so that one can only guess as to what happened—maybe he had her killed or sent her away where she died. From these absurd, oftentimes ridiculous, and obviously arrogant words, the reader can conclude that the Duke was a controlling husband. Lines 50 onwards tell the reader that the Duke is looking for a new wife and the person whom he is showing the painting to, is the assistant or messenger of a Count whose daughter the Duke is eyeing as a prospective wife. The talk he would have later with the Count would be about the arrangement of his next marriage (My Last Duchess Discussion).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Duke represents the traditional male and his attitude towards his late wife mirrors the attitude and expectations of a patriarchal and Victorian society towards women in his monologue. The society of that time expected women to simply obey. She should only reserve her charms for her husband. She must not even try to be beautiful in her own painting. The mere act of being happy, pleasant to anyone regardless of rank and stature in life, and to love the simple pleasures in life as watching the sunset or riding a mule in the case of the Duchess, were all considered acts of unfaithfulness. In short, it was a sin to be naturally beautiful and to have a happy disposition. Men liked to control their wives. Being the only one who could open the curtain to reveal the painting of his beautiful and smiling late wife is symbolic of how this man would do anything to control his wife. If he couldn’t stop his wife from smiling at anyone when she was still alive, at least when she was dead and only lived through her painting the Duke could finally decide as to whom to share his wife’s smiles and charms. Through the painting done by a master, she has also became the expensive commodity that she should have been while living, but a role of which she never assumed because she stooped to being accessible to anyone, much to the disappointment of her husband, the Duke. Noble women should assume the position that their rank in society expected them to and this meant they should be unreachable in the eyes of commoners. They should not be easily pleased with trifle matters like favors from servants. Finally, the talk of arranging his new marriage with the father of his future bride suggests how women were not allowed to express an opinion even to the important topic of whom to spend the rest of their life with. Women were commodities traded upon by men and they have price tags called dowries. By showing the Count’s emissary the painting of his former wife and telling him why he didn’t like her conduct sends the message as to how he expects his next wife to behave. Otherwise, she might become another Last Duchess, another hidden painting in the house. Therefore, this monologue, like many of Browning’s monologues, reflects on his interpretations of his society.   However, by using a character’s reflections on a particular thought, Browning can somewhat mask his inner feelings and thoughts.   The aspects of his reflections come across clearly, and in this monologue, Browning is obviously taking a deeper look at the treatment of women. Work Cited Browning, Robert. My Last Duchess.   2009 April 21. 2011 May 4. http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~jdavis6/poem.html. My Last Duchess Analysis.   2007 January 7. 2011 May 4. http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~joliver/mylastduchess1.htm My Last Duchess Discussion.   2008 May 14.   2011 May 4. http://www.englishforums.com/English/LastDutchessDepthAnalysis

Slavery in Ile de France

Slavery in Ile de France Slavery in Ile de France If we go back into history, we can note that slavery had existed on the island since the sixteenth century by the Dutch settlement. Slavery had become firmly embedded in the economy and society of Mauritius. Mauritius, previously known as ‘Ile de France’ was colonised by the Dutch (1638-1710), the French (1715-1810) and later by the British (1810-1835) which paved the way towards the abolition of slavery in 1835. It was only when Guillaume Dufresne d’Arsel landed in 1715 that the island came to be known as a French colony. He named it ‘Ile de France’. It was only in 1721 that the French began to occupy the island. From 1598 to 1710, the Dutch were the first one to take possession of the island. However, we cannot deny that before the Dutch stay in Mauritius, in 1510, a Portuguese sailor, Don Pedro Mascarenhas was the main founder of the island but he was not interested. Whether during the Dutch, French or British stay in Mauritius, they faced a lot of problems. So, slaves had to be brought from other countries. As we already know, since centuries, under the colonial era, the one having more territories was considered to be more powerful. But who will work on those territories? Since there were not enough workers to work on the land, it was necessary to bring slaves on the island through slave trade. Slavery had played an important role in the historiography of the island. Whether in early eighteenth or nineteenth century, while European settlers were on the island, we can examine the condition of the slaves with their masters. Slavery in Mauritius is still considered to be less harsh than others like West Indian slavery. Slaves were mainly brought from countries like Goa-India, Madagascar, Mozambique and other regions of Africa but Reunion was the first island from which slaves were first introduced in Ile de France. But what was the aim behind this? They were brought to work for the development and betterment of Ile de France. This was seen to be advantageous for slave owners since slaves’ labour was being exploited at cheaper price. The slaves were divided into different ethnic categories such as Creole, Indian, Malagasy and Mozambican. Each ethnic group were portrayed as having specific attributes; for example. Mozambican slaves were characterised as being hardworking on plantation fields which indicates that they were physically strong but less intelligent. Contrary to this, Indian slaves were weak to work on plantations fields. According to Milbert, the African slaves were less in numbers. Furthermore, Prentout adds that these slaves were seen as the best hardworking labourers but more intelligent than the Mozambican slaves;  « Parmi eux, les yolofs, plus grands et plus forts sont regardà ©s comme les meilleurs reprà ©sentants de la race nà ¨gre, ils sont plus intelligents que ceux qui viennent de la cote de Mozambique ou de la cote adjacente  ». Different names were picturised to slaves who came from Africa or Mozambique; ‘Macoas’, ‘Mondjavocas’, ‘Sennas’, ‘Moursenas’, ‘Yabanes’, ‘Mouquidos’, ‘Mavairs’, ‘Macondes’ and ‘Miamoeses’. These slaves were physically portrayed as having thick lips, flat nose, oily skin and woolly hair. Another category of slaves coming from Madagascar were known to be ‘Hovas’, ‘Betsilà ©es’, ‘Antatoimes’, and ‘Sakalavas’. Those who came from India were classified as ‘Talingas’, ‘Malabars’ and ‘Bengalis’. In addition, people had their own perception about the relationship between slaves and their owners. Likewise, Charles Telfair noticed that there was a relationship of kindness which prevailed between slaves and their masters; â€Å"dans la plus haute classe, les rapports des maitres avec les esclaves à ©taient empreints de bienveillance†. Thus, the master was far from being a cruel and oppressive ruler. Prentout further adds that;  «il n’y avait pas à   l’ile de France, la mà ªme haine des esclaves qu’aux Antilles ». Slaves were nevertheless known to be a source of property for their masters. Reynolds Michel, a priest of Catholic Diocese argues that â€Å"Slavery, an institution as old as the history of human society is based on the exploitation of man’s labour. Certainly the history of slavery is a history of blood and tears lived by millions of men and women, a memory of people torn from their land of origin, of bodies thrown at the bottom of the holds of ships, corpses thrown overboard, removal and prohibition to bear one’s surname, forced labour and humiliation n the plantations. But it is also the story of a permanent resistance from beginning to end. And it is this strength in resistance in its many forms which abolished slavery†. Therefore, slaves did not lead a comfortable and simple life. They were none other than a source of income for their masters. They were just treated like an object which could be bought or sold anytime without restriction. They had no right to neither misbehave nor demand anything. Even the children of slaves were denied the right to education and were perceived as slaves just like their parents. Power was solely concentrated in the hands of the masters, that is, whenever they wanted they could use and throw away the slaves. For example, women slaves were brought at their master’s place, just for the sake of sexual pleasures. They did not have the right to voice out. In short they did not enjoy any form of human rights and they were completely deprived of their freedom. Thus, â€Å"the history of slavery must be remembered because memory undertakes not to repeat it†. However, we cannot deny the fact that slavery had a great significance in the economic development of th e colony. Dutch period (1638-1710) The Dutch occupation in Ile de France lasted from 1638 to 1710. The Dutch presence in Mauritius became noticeable through their introduction of domestic animals and plants like sugarcane. The Dutch East India Company also known as the ‘Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie’ (VOC) was an institution where the rich and poor were treated equally in trade affairs. This had included the support of Governor Van der Stel who imported slaves as labour was required in abundance for the better functioning of the company. Mauritius was seen as a country which would derive economic benefits for the VOC. During the Dutch period, slaves were brought mainly from Madagascar to work on the fields. However, many slaves, also known as maroon slaves ran away into the forests and often caused havoc for the settlers. They destroyed houses, burn farms or other properties so as to avoid being dominated and exploited. They knew if they were captured by their masters, they had to face severe consequences but still they tried to escape. The Dutch settlement lasted for about 20 years and they finally left the island for the French in 1710. French period (1715-1810) In 1715, the French took control of the island on behalf of the King and renamed it ‘Ile de France’. The island was managed under the direction of the French East India Company and it retained its existence until 1767. From 1767 until 1810, the French government chose officials and appointed them in Ile de France but this lasted only for a short period until the French revolution. Besides, amidst the Napoleonic wars, the French used Ile de France as a base where French corsairs were successful in launching surprise attacks on British ships. Until 1810, the French attacks and efforts in holding up the colony were effective until the British landed, but this time in great numbers and thus took possession of the island while the French capitulated. While surrendering, the British assured that the practice of the French traditions, customs, language and religion would be respected and maintained. Among the French settlers, the Code Noir was established and subsequently seen as the rules that slaves had to follow. It was published between 1685 and 1783 and declared by Louis X1V in 1723. Bernardin de Saint- Pierre was somehow in favour about the regime of the ‘Code-Noir’ but he claimed that the laws established for the slaves were not really granted to them. He adds that â€Å" il y a une loi faite en faveur des esclaves appelà ©e le Code Noir. Cette loi favorable ordonne qu’à   chaque punition ils ne recevront pas plus de trente coups, qu’ils ne travailleront point le dimanche, qu’on leur donnera de la viande toutes les semaines, des chemises tous les ans; quand ils sont vieux, on les envoie chercher leur vie comme ils peuvent. Un jour j’en vis un qui n’avoit que la peau et les os, dà ©couper la chair d’un cheval mort pour la manger. C’à ©tait un squelette qui en dà ©vorait un autre†. Slaves were forced to respect the laws even if they had to undergo tyrannical treatments. Nagapen argues, â€Å"les maitres s’arrogeaient le droit de vie et de mort sur leurs esclaves†. The slaves were granted the right to be baptised by the Articles I and II of the Code-Noir. Besides, they were not allowed to join into matrimony without the permission of their masters. Yet, the ‘Code-Noir’ was somehow useful for the slaves as it provided support for them both physically and morally. The owners were restrained from ill-treating and torturing the slaves. Slaves did not work on Sundays and public holidays. Additionally, they had the right to lodge complains against their owners and that to be done to the ‘procureur- gà ©nà ©ral’ namely Virieux. When he settled on the island, â€Å"he noticed that in no other colony had slaves been treated so well and the reasons for this were that the ‘ruler’ passed ‘wise and enlightened measures’, that whites were nicer towards their slaves than free black slave- owners†. In his study, Karl Noel mentions that slaves did not complain about any laws imposed upon them. In fact, they had no right but only to be obedient towards the law. The type of punishment the slave had to face was decided by the owners. Maroon slaves had to bear harsh consequences than them like their ears being cut or they even faced death. In short, governors like Souillac and Pierre Poivre blamed the unpleasant and dreadful foundation of slavery. Slaves were also in constant struggle towards the laws imposed upon them. Those who could no more tolerate these brutal conditions landed up committing theft, suicide, abortion or even escaping from there. In 1735, the French Governor Labourdonnais started developing Ile de France. Whether under the Dutch rule or French settlement, Ile de France became victim of several threats like starvation. Hence, Labourdonnais introduced staple food like manioc and maize for the slaves. Karl Noel assumed that under the French governance there were less agricultural works but they rather focussed on commerce, industry and warfare.

Tour Operators And Their Suppliers

Tour Operators And Their Suppliers In this report I would write about The relationship between the tour operators and their suppliers. I would give some description of Accommodation, Transport, Ground handlers, excursions and activities, Food and crafts. This is related to the topic so I will try describing them as good as possible. I will also write about Tourism and supply chain management, transport to and from destinations and also conclusion. Hopefully would be understandable for other who are interesting in this subject. Body: The power of the tour operator for their sellers has been the focus of great debate in the business in latest years. Sightsee operatives also known as tour operators dispute that the seller is a self-regulating service provider in surplus of whom they do not apply rule. Sometimes, but, it is not easy to decide that the seller is a self-regulating service provider or the tour operators agent. The significance of the division is in the dissimilar costs that run from the changed interactions. Tour operators have usually offered an article in their booklet representing: They do not apply straight rule above the day to day organization of accommodation, airlines, railways and other extras regarding to your vacation. They then are powerless to agree to responsibility for some work or lapse reason by individuals concerned in your vacation activities over which they do not apply straight rule. Though the difference is determined by deliberation of all the conditions and not just by suggestion to the phrasing of the agreement linking them. Exist three key motives for the significance of the difference linking a manager and a self-sufficient service provider: Explicit responsibility: the sightsee operator is vicariously responsible for the work or slips of representative but not individuals of self-sufficient service providers (except in the EU where the Package Travel Directive applies).The responsibility to offer security: the tour operator has a responsibility to obtain sensible concern for the individual protection of workers (e.g. representatives) except for the sellers. Legal duty: rules that inflict explicit responsibility on a way typically detain to responsibility to the work of employees and agents and do not normally inflict responsibility for the work of self-sufficient service providers. http://wftga.org/news/consumer-rights-tourists-international-level-and-role-tourist-guides-john-j-downes(13/03/12) The contribute sequence consist of the sellers of all the supplies and forces which go keen on the liberation of tourism goods to customers. It consist of all sellers of supplies and services which may not be straight agreed by sightsee operatives or by their representatives (including ground handlers) or sellers (including accommodation providers). Tourism contribute chains engage lots of work not only housing, transportation and touring, but also clubbing and cafà ©s, handicraft, groceries production, rubbish clearance, and the transportation that supplies tourism in places. Delivery chains work via trade-to-trade relations, and support chain organization distribute sustainability presentation development next to economic act, by operational to develop the industry procedure of all sellers in the delivery string. Sightsee operatives cover huge power over actions all over the tourism delivery chain, as they point and power the size of tourism, the tourist targets and amenities whic h are second-hand. Sightsee operatives may apply that to assist in advertising universal development in sustainability act as element of first-class industrial training. Within preparation activities for sustainable delivery chains, sightsee operatives and The Travel Foundation have to memorise that exist models of first-class training all over the straight delivery chain of sightsee operatives plus in a selection of travel targets but these are only applied by a few businesses and lots of others may study from them. This will be easiest to apply sustainability needs in housing and very hard in carrying, mainly observable in tour and performance as most helpful to the neighbouring market as this supplies groceries and ability manufacture. Target sustainability efforts will need bigger shareholder organization and if just for this motive will be extra period concentrated to apply. A safe revenue flow, by steady agreements and projected agreement circumstances plus value is top, toget her to ease the essential savings by the sellers, and to make stronger the confidence in the association. Scheme requires period of time for businesses to make understanding and expand relations, and sightsee operatives tend to need a stable and important quantity of actions with a seller or target if they are to do an important donation and wait for transforming in restricted procedures. Three circumstances in the sightsee operative-and seller association are mainly significant for the achieve victory of delivery string plan: long-time organization, reasonable value and a reliable amount of process. Triumphant delivery string relations among businesses and their sellers are developed and applied according to a clear number of steps: To establish a sustainable supply chain policy and management system. To support suppliers in reaching Sustainability Goals, including raising awareness on sustainability issues amongst suppliers and demonstrating why sustainability performance is important To integrate sustainability criteria into suppliers contracts and preferentially agreement suppliers that meet those criteria. Trade advantages from assume fine trainings for tourism delivery string organization consist of preservation of customers, as around they raising presume in charge performance still from individuals not prepared to pay for this; raised income; bargain expenses and better functioning effectiveness, outstanding spirited to consider and react to danger and chance in the stock promote;  · organization of hazard and keep on in front of governmental requests; better workforce act, success of improved employment and workforce maintenance, when happy workforce are an important advantage; defence of the centre resources of the trade (environment and culture); and improved product worth, status and marketplace, defending picture and position, especially for businesses openly quoted on store sell. They advise to the TF offer priority to effort in the housing sub area, especially in relative to middle-sized buildings, and in home groceries manufacture and support, and that the precedence regions for development in every of these sub parts are: Room, ecological act, service circumstances for workforce and stipulation of guidance on sustainability subjects; service prospects for local areas population; ecological transportation in the destination, particularly for organization of hard and fluid harsh environment; linkages with the home market particularly for groceries support, handicrafts and equipment; advertising of publicly and environmentally sustainable tourism parcels and sellers Local food craft producers suppliers: Sustainable manufacture way contains making development and guidance; Class, consistency and supply; and contact to sells. On the source of present delivery string presentation and actions, developments are needed as a right of way in these tourism sub-sectors in all developing countries where tourism takes place. In addition, developments which might be related to transportation, land trainer, tours actions and clubs eating places sub-parts, are drawled. As well they advise the following advantages for act by the TF that will help in advertising delivery string developments: Support TF sightsee operative associates to increase extra precise and methodical data on their actions which supply to better sustainability at the range of aims in their delivery strings, particularly for gathering tourism. Support larger approval and performance by TF members of active models of first-class training in the delivery string, with back-up of their sellers via alertness increasing, guidance and technological support, and apply of precise agreement clause as suitable, to apply fine exercise equipment and principles for their zone, on socio-financial and ecological feature. Support TF sightsee operative associates to collect data regarding sustainability matters at the objectives particularly group tourism targets which they go possibly by founding a regular agendas of data assembly and reassess opening with couple of targets primarily. Persuade TF associates to improve infrastructure with destination shareholders on main sustainability topic and to expand business wi th destination shareholders to build up and understand development to progress sustainability plan. Persuade TF associates to assume and expand client teaching so that their clients are alert of important communal, financial and ecological topics at targets, and of behaviour that they may obtain to develop sustainability during on vacation; and to apply selling to encourage in client-welcoming tongue sellers and vacations that are extra sustainable. This statement reconsiders case of active tourism delivery string plan from number points of the world and at number of places in the delivery string. A delivery string comprises the sellers of all the supplies and services which go into the shipping of tourism goods to customers. It comprise all sellers of supplies and services whether or not they are straight agreed by sightsee operatives or by their representatives. Plus land trainers or sellers and housing supplier. This must as well be mentioned to a few tourism supplies and services are given straight to visitors and are buying by customers plus it must not be onwards that sight see operatives may manipulate their clients in this region as well. The scheme overviewed in this statement pays attention on developed profit to the destination places, customers and the tourism trade. These schemes are determined of four major aims in the tourism delivery string: Accommodation Transport Ground handlers, excursions and activities Food and crafts Also contain a range of many actions from growing the size of home supplies and services old in the tourism area. To run on ecological and socio-educational topics, for example waste organization trainings, service preparation and fighting prohibited figures of tourism. Lots of these ideas were put into training by single or couple of tourism industry, occasionally running in partnership among many places in the delivery string. Tour operators have also integrated several ideas purposed to maintain further sustainable tourism which are being assumed at destination rank. Tourism and supply chain management: The effect of a sightsee operative appear from the effects of every workings of the goods they retail, as well as use of unrefined resources and their giving out and manufacture, as well as effect from move and supply. Acknowledging the sustainability of every tourism merchandise follows disappearing to the unrefined resources from which are made, via sellers, sellers sellers, and etc, going back to source, including guarantying a business assemble sustainability condition in its individual inner function. Tourism, as any previous delivery strings, work through trade-to-trade relations, and delivery string organization may be practical to distribute sustainability presentation development next to economic act, by functioning to develop the selling process of all sellers in the delivery string. One major variation among tourism delivery string and individuals of more areas, like that visitors journey to the merchandise, and the merchandise that they purchase has a mostly high service element in other language, this engage a upper amount of individuals in the instant manufacture of the vacation practice. Very good case of delivery string organization from a different area is the DIY seller, BQ, that has urbanized and applied a main delivery string organization agenda, primary concentrate on ecological effects, and currently fit in public effects on top, for all its 40,000 goods. in turn to consider its in general sustainability as a seller, BQ analysis the sustainability of its goods moving back to the unrefined resources from which they were formed, via sellers, sellers sellers, and etc., going back to basis, also as guaranteeing that BQ gather sustainability norm in its individual inner process. Used for BQ, the principles of merchandise plus service and operational environment are a key element of class and sustainability. Contribute chain organization in all zones, as well as tourism, wrap all pieces of a merchandise life cycle: unprocessed resources, proc essing, producing, supply, selling, client apply and last dumping. In general, the sustainability of a tourism merchandise, result on topics plus the atmosphere and operational environment in top targeted states; security, plus security of clients and employees in distribute all features of a tourism goods; and reserves use and removal, as well as good management, recycle and recover of rubbish supplies, and measures to raise the effectiveness of supplies apply. Tourism delivery strings engage lots of works not only housing, transfer and tours, but also inns and cafà ©s, handiwork, groceries manufacture, waste dumping, and the transportation that ropes tourism in targets. All those type a fraction of the vacation merchandise which is usual by visitors while they buy vacations whether or not the sellers of those works are straight agreed by a sightsee operative. Only like no sightsee operative will offer first class transfer to get clients to a fifth class vacation public house, t he sustainability of a vacation, like class, its up to presentation on all the associates in the tourism delivery string. An additional feature of the tourism delivery string is the performance of clients during on vacation, mostly in relation to performance and what they basis for themselves in tourist target. Sightsee operative are advertising the entire vacation understanding to clients, and is consist of chances to practice a targets home merchandise and activities. Sightsee operatives may cooperate a major task in if suitable suggestion to their clients regarding home merchandises and activities, and in guarantee that home manufacturer and facility supplier include way in to travellers on a cheap price. Lots of sightsee operatives by now provide more data on these features, but there is range to do extra. Transport to from destinations Sightsee functioning contain marketing, buy, deals improvement, promotion and trade, and buys. Land process contain land transfer and tours. A few of the works of tourism merchandisesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sightsee operatives treaty sellers to offer a few of these works straight: others are attain by sellers and their sellers. The entire sellers offering section supplies and services which go under the dispatching of tourism merchandise are element of the delivery string for that good. http://www.thetravelfoundation.org.uk/images/media/5._Tourism_supply_chains.pdf(16/03/12) Conclusion: Finally I would like to say that current relationship between tour operators and their suppliers is strong as this report states and findings I have put down. It also very interesting to me because some of the facts I did not know before. Especially the Accommodation, Transport, Ground handlers, excursions and activities, Food and crafts and Tourism and supply chain management. These sectors of the report explains how strong the relation ships are between the tour operators and their suppliers.

Dell Case Study :: Papers

Dell In its approach, DELL strongly focused on the needs of each particular customer with a special focus government institutions (witch accounted for more than 77%) and large companies. Also, DELL divided its customers into two groups: -Relationship buyers for witch it assigned outside and inside sales representatives. -Transaction buyers were reached via advertisement, catalogues and direct marketing. On the other hand, the rest of the industry focused only on building recognizable brands using advertising. -Operations In the past, Dell’s facilities were organized in assembly line fashion just like the rest of the competitors. However, DELL renewed its manufacturing process in its facilities (Austin). This new technique results in fewer defects and more efficiency. -Outbound logistics While competitors use four kinds of channels in their distribution process (retail stores, distributors, integrated resellers and direct distribution), Dell uses electronic links to direct some suppliers’ shipments straight to its customers. -After sale service in industry surveys, customers rated Dell’s services highly relative to the competition. This ranking was a result of Dell’s online customer support information and also because of the technical support staff representatives via a hotline that was manned 24 hours a day. The support specialists could resolve the problem over the phone in approximately 90% of cases. -Procurement Like all other competitors in the PC industry Dell outsourced its products and also encouraged all suppliers to locate warehouses and production facilities close to its assembly operations. -Firm infrastructure In its early age, Dell had started up with a few formal control systems. Nowadays, Dell hired a number of specialized managers from other major firms (Motorola, apple) focusing especially on operations and manufacturing. As a conclusion, all these activities are major facts that made Dell successful and highly ranked among competitors. Â · In its marketing and sales approach, Dell has the advantage of being close to its customers and in response to their needs. Â · In its operation activity, the new method gave Dell less defectuous products and more efficient ones. Â · In its logistic activity, the electronic links allowed Dell to direct suppliers’ shipment straight to its customers. Â · Because of its online support information and technical support via hotline, Dell built a confident relationship with its customers. Â · The aim of lowering costs pushes Dell to encourage suppliers to locate warehouses close to assembly operations. Â · Organization within Dell was of a great importance, especially after the loss faced in 1993. hiring qualified managers and senior manager helped Dell overcome its crisis. Why has dell been so successful?

Mortuary Practices and Afterlife of the Choctaw Essays -- Sociology, T

The Choctaws thrived in the fertile sandy, red-clay soil, rolling hills, and dense forests, located in the Central Hills of the east-central region of Mississippi. The estimated population after early European contact was between 15,000 and 20,000 and was the second largest group of Native Americans in the Southeast (Blitz 1988:127). The Choctaws in the Southeast were a matrilineal society. Traditionally, women preformed tasks related to domestic life. Among these responsibilities were creating pottery and utensils, food preparation, and planting and harvesting crops. The majority of their diet consisted of agricultural products such as corn, pumpkins, squash, and beans. Women would also accompany men on hunting excursions in order to provide food preparation. After the hunt, women were responsible for transporting the slain animal back to the village for processing of skins, bone, and meat (Carson 1995:495-6). The greatest responsibilities of the Choctaw men were hunting and warfare. During the fall and winter months, their primary food source was deer. Their accomplishments on hunting adventures directly reflected upon their social status and importance within the tribe (Carson 1995:197). Although the Choctaw shared much of their culture with many of the other tribes in the Southeast, â€Å"in the disposition of their dead, the ancient Choctaws practiced a strange method different from any other Nation of people, perhaps, that ever existed† (Swanton1931:176). When a Choctaw tribal member became terminally ill, it was common practice for the medicine man to inform the family of impending death (Swanton 1931:170). The women cleansed the body, applied paint, daubed the face, and dressed him in his finest clothes. He was the... ...ld winds always blew. Every spirit encountered was an enemy with no safe place to take refuge. Food was scarce, due to unfertile soil, lack of game, and hunger was constant. The bad hunting grounds are perpetually lonely, with only the joyous sounds from the other side of the mountains. The doomed spirits constantly struggled to climb the treacherous mountains, but to no avail. They were eternally destined to an afterlife of desolation (Campbell 1959:149-52). The Choctaws possessed unique ceremonies in regards to their deceased as well as a vivid explanation into their afterlife. Through many accounts, the knowledge and customs of the Southeast tribe of the Choctaw will not be forgotten. Although these customs may not be practiced, the extensive documentation gives an extraordinary glimpse into the lives of the natives of the southeast United States.

Levi Jeans

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24.It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend.I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein.These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry.The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old m ale said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents w ill recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion that this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting.

Prostitution Should Remain Illegal in Australia

Prostitution should remain illegal in Australia. By Alex Dimitrijevic Prostitution is a dark and dangerous industry. Allowing prostitution in Australia will only expand the sex industry, have an increase in child prostitution, damage the health of the women and also be against many women’s wills. In order to prevent these negative changes from happening in our community, the Australian Government should keep prostitution illegal and possible create a stricter law to protect the women and children.Legalising prostitution means that venues such as brothels, sex clubs and massage parlours will be available for men and young boys to attend without many restrictions. These places will be advertised and made to seem ‘okay’ because they are approved by the government, when in fact, they are nowhere near okay. They are areas where women are sold and practically rented time after time. These venues are usually located in hidden, dark areas in order to function secretly but if they were to be legalised they could potentially be near your child’s school, in your local shopping centres or even down the road to you.If you want to keep your children and community safe, prostitution should remain banned. In the prostitution industry the most preferred workers are young pure women. This category falls under young girls usually in their early teens. The high demand of women in the industry will only increase the number of young girls forced to work in these dirty circumstances. It is rare to find young teenage girls willing to participate in selling their bodies and being used by men twice or triple their age but the industry needs them! So they will force and persuade these girls.More terrifying, they will be allowed to, simply because prostitution will be legal by the government that vowed to protect them. Women in the sex industry will be open to sexually transmitted infections by men who demand not to use protection. A study in the US shows that 4 7% of men expected sex without the use of a condom, 73% offered to pay more for sex without a condom and 45% of women admitted to being abused when insisting the use of a condom. This study proves to us that women in the industry risk their health and wellbeing.They get abused for trying to protect themselves and if this activity was to be legalised then the number of patients with sexually transmitted infections would rise and even lead to deaths. These infections would be passed onto the women and back onto the men who were once clean before any intercourse, those men would probably pass it onto his wife or girlfriend, and the cycle would continue. The health of many would be at risk, not just the prostitute’s. Prostitution is not a preferred occupation by many women.These women are not aware of the dangers they enter in order to earn some money. Many that do enter the industry describe it as their last option. A study shows that 67% of interviewed women did not enter prost itution voluntarily but were forced to. They work in an environment where they are treated like slaves and paid to do as they are told without arguing. They are forced to perform on men who may be sick, abusive, drunk, dirty or simply unpleasant and if they were to complain, they would be beaten. This does not sound like a job they would be proud of or looking forward to going.In conclusion, the law against prostitution should remain illegal and possibly stricter to protect the women and young girls forced to work. If this law was to be changed and this dark and dirty act was to be allowed then we would only see negative changes in our community such as the expansion of the sex industry, increase in child prostitution, damages to the prostitutes and the general public’s health and the increase in women being forced to work. The facts and evidence are there for all of us to see and they can only worsen if prostitution is legalised.